The influence of deep fluid dynamics and hydrocarbon recharge of the crystalline basement on the oil and gas fields genesis

Author details
  • Institute of Oil and Gas of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan
  • Institute of Oil and Gas of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan
  • Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan
  • Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of modern studies on the genesis of hydrocarbons. It is concluded that over the past decades, including in connection with the fundamental improvement of scientific equipment, new facts have appeared that cast doubt on the concept of exclusively biogenic genesis of hydrocarbons. By now, quite a lot of arguments have been accumulated in favor of oil and gas formation due to abiogenic synthesis reactions. For example, the presence of biomarkers in natural oil, which is one of the postulates of the organic theory, can be explained by filtration through layers containing organic matter. At the same time, the analysis of oil biomarkers in a number of superdeep deposits showed the abiogenic origin of oil. The organic hypothesis of the origin of oil is not able to adequately explain the existence of giant accumulations of oil and gas, for which the calculations of the generation potential of oil source suites are significantly inferior to the identified oil reserves. In recent years, extensive factual information has been obtained on the existence of degassing processes of the Earth and the replenishment of the sedimentary cover with hydrocarbons from the depths through fluid-drainage channels in the crystalline basement. This process is accompanied by deep fluids, which are an intermediate, connecting link between the internal and external factors of the oil and gas basin. Deep fluids affect the formation of oil source rocks, generation efficiency, formation of physical properties of reservoirs, as well as the migration and aggregation of oil and gas. For the South Caspian oil and gas basin, a special class of geological structures of complex shape in the form of subvertical and subhorizontal geological bodies has been identified, which can serve as migration paths (drainage zones) and hydrocarbon accumulations on zones. The formation of such a structure of intracrustal migration paths is explained by the process of transformation of clay minerals in elisional deposits. The possibility of such a transformation in the South Caspian basin is substantiated by studying the influence of clay content on fluid transfer processes.

Keywords

hydrocarbon resourcessedimentary cover sectioncrystalline basementbiogenic genesis of hydrocarbonsfluid drainage channels.

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Article information

Published
1 April 2025
Issue date
1 April 2025
Issue
Vol. 25, No. 2 (2025)
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