The physical and mechanical model of electrochemical processes of forming copper and electrocorundum micro- and nanocomposite coatings

Evgeniy K. Molchanov, Alexander V. Vakhrushev

Author details

Evgeniy K. Molchanov
UdmFRC UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
Alexander V. Vakhrushev
UdmFRC UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation

https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2023.5.05

The article describes a mathematical model and the results of a numerical study of electro- chemical, diffuse and kinetic processes of co-deposition of metallic copper and micro- and nano- particles of electrocorundum on the surface of a metal electrode. A mathematical apparatus for complex physical and chemical mathematical modeling of the processes accompanying the for- mation of nanocomposite coatings from copper sulphate electrolytes is presented, i.e. the elec- trochemical deposition of metallic copper on the cathode surface, physical adsorption of micro- and nanoparticles on the cathode surface and growth of the coating layer. To describe the movement of the electrolyte, the k-ε model based on the averaged Reynolds equations with damping functions according to the Abe – Kondoh – Nagano model (k-ε AKN) was used. The modelling results are compared with the experimental data. The mathematical modeling results of the electrochemical deposition of metallic copper Cu on a rotating cylindrical electrode are presented. The mass transfer of the electroactive electrolyte ions occurs due to three main mechanisms: diffusion, migration and convection. Ion and particle mass transfer is described by the equations of convective diffusion and studied in the entire volume of the electrolytic bath. The cathodic and anodic processes are described on the basis of the tertiary current distribution. The mathematical modeling results of the joint electrochemical deposition of Cu-Al2O3 composite coatings on a rotating cylindrical electrode are presented taking into account the hydrodynamics of the electrolyte flow. The simulation is carried out in the entire volume of the electrochemical cell, and not only within the diffusion layer, which allows taking into account the transfer of elec- trolyte particles and ions by convection and migration. The current numerical study made it pos- sible to investigate in detail the kinetics of these processes and showed good agreement with the experimental results.

Keywords

mathematical modelingelectrochemistryelectrokinetic forcesdiffusionhydrodynamicscomposite coatingsmicro- and nanoparticles.

ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МИКРО- И НАНОКОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ МЕДИ И ЭЛЕКТРОКОРУНДА

Описывается математическая модель и результаты численного исследования элек- трохимических, диффузных и кинетических процессов соосаждения меди и микро- и нано- частиц Al2O3 на поверхность медного электрода. Приведен математический аппарат для комплексного физико-химического математического моделирования процессов, сопровож- дающих формирование нанокомпозиционных покрытий из сернокислых электролитов мед- нения: электрохимического осаждения меди на поверхности катода, физической адсорб- ции наночастиц на поверхности катода и роста слоя покрытия. Для описания движения электролита использовалась модель k-ε на базе осредненных уравнений Рейнольдса с демпфирующими функциями согласно модели Abe – Kondoh – Nagano (k-ε AKN). Проведе- но сравнение результатов моделирования с экспериментальными данными. Представле- ны результаты математического моделирования электрохимического осаждения металли- ческой меди Cu на вращающийся цилиндрический электрод с учетом гидродинамики пото- ка электролита. Массоперенос электроактивных ионов электролита происходит за счет трех основных механизмов: диффузии, миграции, конвекции, и описывается уравнениями конвективной диффузии, исследуется во всем объеме электролитической ячейки. Катод- ные и анодные процессы описываются на основе третичного распределения тока. Пред- ставлены результаты математического моделирования совместного электрохимического осаждения композиционных покрытий Cu–Al2O3 на вращающийся цилиндрический элек- трод с учетом гидродинамики потока электролита. Моделирование проводилось во всем объеме электрохимической ячейки, а не только в пределах диффузионного слоя, что по- зволило учитывать перенос частиц и ионов электролита за счет конвекции и миграции. Проведенное математическое моделирование позволило детально исследовать кинетику указанных процессов и показало удовлетворительное соответствие с экспериментальны- ми результатами.

Ключевые слова

математическое моделированиеэлектрохимияэлектрокинетические силыдиффузиягидродинамикакомпозитные покрытиямикро- и наночастицы.

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Article information

Published: 4 December 2023
Issue date: 4 December 2023
Issue: No. 5 (2023)