Investigating the Influence of Reservoir Pressure on Porous Media Permeability: A Case Study of Fields in the Perm Region

Evgenii V. Kozhevnikov, Mikhail S. Turbakov, Evgenii P. Riabokon, Evgenii A. Gladkikh, Mikhail A. Guzev, Chengzhi Qi

Author details

Evgenii V. Kozhevnikov
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Mikhail S. Turbakov
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Evgenii P. Riabokon
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Evgenii A. Gladkikh
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Mikhail A. Guzev
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Chengzhi Qi
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China

https://doi.org/10.15593/2712-8008/2024.2.5

Field studies of permeability changes were analyzed using the example of oil fields in the Perm Krai; laboratory studies of the effect of effective pressure on core permeability were carried out. An analysis of existing methods for assessing changes in rock permeability depending on effective pressure showed that in most cases, researchers use empirical dependencies obtained by approximating experimental data. Analysis of the results of laboratory studies showed that, regardless of the type of rock, the greatest decrease in permeability during elastic deformations was observed in highly permeable samples of limestone and sandstone and was amounted to up to 20%. It was established that the dependences of the permeability of limestone and sandstone samples under purely elastic deformations ware described with high accuracy by exponential equations. The calculated coefficients of the equations describing the change in permeability were compared based on the results of field and laboratory studies. The mechanism of deterioration in the permeability of productive formations with a decrease in reservoir pressure was revealed, on the basis of which a model is proposed that takes into account elastic and plastic deformations of porous reservoirs. It was established that highly permeable formations were most susceptible to plastic deformation with the formation of deformation bands. In layers with greater thickness, the probability of a decrease in permeability with a drop in reservoir pressure increased, which was associated with the formation of transverse deformation bands.

Keywords

permeabilityporosityeffective pressurereservoir deformationcorewell productivitypore pressuredeformation bandspore reservoirbottomhole formation zone

Исследование влияния пластового давления на проницаемость поровых коллекторов (на примере месторождений Пермского края)

Выполнен анализ результатов промысловых исследований изменения проницаемости на примере нефтяных месторождений Пермского края; проведены лабораторные исследования влияния эффективного давления на проницаемость керна. Анализ существующих методов оценки изменения проницаемости горных пород в зависимости от эффективного давления показал, что в большинстве случаев исследователи используют эмпирические зависимости, полученные путем аппроксимации экспериментальных данных. Анализ результатов лабораторных исследований показал, что независимо от типа породы, наибольшее снижение проницаемости при упругих деформациях наблюдается в высокопроницаемых образцах известняков и песчаников и составляет до 20 %. Установлено, что зависимости проницаемости образцов известняка и песчаника при чисто упругих деформациях с высокой точностью описываются степенными уравнениями. Выполнено сопоставление расчетных коэффициентов уравнений, описывающих изменение проницаемости по результатам полевых и лабораторных исследований. Раскрыт механизм ухудшения проницаемости продуктивных пластов при снижении пластового давления, на основании которого предложена модель, учитывающая упругие и пластические деформации пористых коллекторов. Установлено, что высокопроницаемые пласты больше всего подвержены пластическим деформациям с образованием деформационных полос. В пластах с большей толщиной вероятность снижения проницаемости при падении пластового давления повышается, что связано с образованием поперечных деформационных полос.

Ключевые слова

проницаемостьпористостьэффективное давлениедеформация коллекторовкернпродуктивность скважинпоровое давлениедеформационные полосыпоровый коллекторпризабойная зона пласта

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2.Selvadurai, A.P.S. Permeability evolution in natural fractures and their potential influence on loss of productivity in ultra-deep gas reservoirs of the Tarim Basin, China / A.P.S. Selvadurai, D. Zhang, Y. Kang // J Nat Gas Sci Eng. – 2018. – Vol. 58. – P. 162–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2018.07.026 Scholar
3.Stress dependent gas-water relative permeability in gas hydrates: A theoretical model / G. Lei [et al.] // Advances in Geo-Energy Research. – 2020. – Vol. 4, № 3. – P. 326–338. DOI: 10.46690/ager.2020.03.10 Scholar
4.Ma, J. A Stress-Induced Permeability Evolution Model for Fissured Porous Media / J. Ma, J. Wang // Rock Mech Rock Eng. Springer-Verlag Wien. – 2016. – Vol. 49, № 2. – P. 477–485. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-015-0760-8 Scholar
5.Huo, D. Experimental Investigation of Stress-Dependency of Relative Permeability in Rock Fractures / D. Huo, S.M. Benson // Transp Porous Media. Springer Netherlands. – 2016. – Vol. 113, № 3. – P. 567–590. DOI: 10.1007/s11242-016-0713-z Scholar
6.Stress-Dependent In Situ Gas Permeability in the Eagle Ford Shale / A.R. Bhandari [et al.] // Transp Porous Media. – 2018. – Vol. 123, № 1. – P. 1–20. DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1021-6 Scholar
7.Stress-Dependent Permeabilities of Sandstones and Carbonates: Compression Experiments and Pore Network Modelings / J. Dautriat [et al.] // SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE. – 2007. DOI: 10.2118/110455-MS Scholar
8.Simultaneous determination of the effective stress coefficients for permeability and volumetric strain on a tight sandstone / S. Nolte [et al.] // J Nat Gas Sci Eng. – 2021. – Vol. 95. – P. 104186. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2021.104186 Scholar
9.Walsh, J.B. Effect of pore pressure and confining pressure on fracture permeability / J.B. Walsh // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts. – 1981. – Vol. 18, № 5. – P. 429–435. DOI: 10.1016/0148-9606(82)190006-1 Scholar
10.Liu, W. Gas permeability of fractured sandstone/coal samples under variable confining pressure / W. Liu, Y. Li, B. Wang // Transp Porous Media. – 2010. – Vol. 83, № 2. – P. 333–347. DOI: 10.1007/s11242-009-9444-8 Scholar
11.Transmissivity of aligned and displaced tensile fractures in granitic rocks during cyclic loading / H. Hofmann [et al.] // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. – 2016. – Vol. 87. – P. 69–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.05.011 Scholar
12.Permeability Evolution of Fractured Rock Subjected to Cyclic Axial Load Conditions / Z. Zhou [et al.] // Geofluids. Hindawi Limited. – 2020. – Vol. 2020. DOI: 10.1155/2020/434251 Scholar
13.The Stress Memory Effect of Fracture Stiffness During Cyclic Loading in Low Permeability Sandstone / C. Kluge [et al.] // J Geophys Res Solid Earth. - 2021. - Vol. 126, No. 10. DOI: 10.1029/2020JB021469 Scholar
14.Civan, F. Parameterization of Biot-Willis Effective-Stress Coefficient for Deformation and Alteration of Porous Rocks / F. Civan // Transp Porous Media. - 2021. - Vol. 138, No. 2. - P. 337-368. DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01611-4 Scholar
15.Nonlinear effective pressure law for permeability / M. Li [et al.] // J Geophys Res Solid Earth. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 2014. - Vol. 119, No. 1. - P. 302-318. DOI: 10.1002/2013JB010485 Scholar
16.Permeability of Wilcox shale and its effective pressure law / O. Kwon [et al.] // J Geophys Res Solid Earth. - 2001. - Vol. 106, No. B9. - P. 19339-19353. DOI: 10.1029/2001JB000273 Scholar
17.Effective stress law for the permeability of a limestone / S. Ghabezloo [et al.] // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. - 2009. - Vol. 46, No. 2. - P. 297-306. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.05.006 Scholar
18.Effective pressure law for permeability of E-bei sandstones / M. Li [et al.] // J Geophys Res. - 2009. - Vol. 114, No. B7. - P. B07205. DOI: 10.1029/2009JB006373 Scholar
19.Changes in permeability caused by transient stresses: Field observations, experiments, and mechanisms / M. Manga [et al.] // Reviews of Geophysics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 2012. - Vol. 50, No. 2. DOI: 10.1029/2011RG000382 Scholar
20.Flow rate dictates permeability enhancement during fluid pressure oscillations in laboratory experiments / T. Candela [et al.] // J Geophys Res Solid Earth. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 2015. - Vol. 120, No. 4. - P. 2037-2055. DOI: 10.1002/2014JB011511 Scholar
21.Watanabe, N. Determination of aperture structure and fluid flow in a rock fracture by high-resolution numerical modeling on the basis of a flow-through experiment under confining pressure / N. Watanabe, N. Hirano, N. Tsuchiya // Water Resour Res. - 2008. - Vol. 44, No. 6. DOI: 10.1029/2006WR005411 Scholar
22.Permeability of matrix-fracture systems under mechanical loading - constraints from laboratory experiments and 3-D numerical modelling / G. Blöcher [et al.] // Advances in Geosciences. - 2019. - Vol. 49. - P. 95-104. DOI: 10.5194/advge-49-95-2019 Scholar
23.Heller, R. Experimental investigation of matrix permeability of gas shales / R. Heller, J. Vermylen, M. Zoback // Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. - 2014. - Vol. 98, No. 5. - P. 975-995. DOI: 10.1306/0923131323 Scholar
24.Kozhevnikov, E. A Model of Reservoir Permeability Evolution during Oil Production / E. Kozhevnikov, E. Riabokon, M. Turbakov // Energies (Basel). - 2021. - Vol. 14, No. 9. - P. 2695. DOI: 10.3390/en14092695 Scholar
25.Effect of Effective Pressure on the Permeability of Rocks Based on Well Testing Results / E.V. Kozhevnikov [et al.] // Energies (Basel). - 2021. - Vol. 14, No. 8. - P. 2306. DOI: 10.3390/en14082306 Scholar
26.Jiang, J. Coupled fluid flow and geomechanics modeling of stress-sensitive production behavior in fractured shale gas reservoirs / J. Jiang, J. Yang // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Elsevier Ltd. - 2018. - Vol. 101. - P. 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.11.003 Scholar
27.Comparison of stress-dependent geophysical, hydraulic and mechanical properties of synthetic and natural sandstones for reservoir characterization and monitoring studies / I.H. Falcon-Suarez [et al.] // Geophys Prospect. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 2019. - Vol. 67, No. 4. - P. 784-803. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.12699 Scholar
28.Stress sensitivity of porosity and permeability of Cobourg limestone / Z. Hu [et al.] // Eng Geol. - 2020. - Vol. 273. - P. 105632. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105632 Scholar
29.Yao, C. A Numerical Analysis of Permeability Evolution in Rocks with Multiple Fractures / C. Yao, Q.H. Jiang, J.F. Shao // Transp Porous Media. Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 2015. - Vol. 108, No. 2. - P. 289-311. DOI: 10.1007/s11242-015-0476-y Scholar
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31.Sahimi, M. Flow and Transport in Porous Media and Fractured Rock / M. Sahimi. - Weinheim. - Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. DOI: 10.1002/9783527636693 Scholar
32.Assessment of the Elastic-Wave Well Treatment in Oil-Bearing Clastic and Carbonate Reservoirs / V. Poplygin [et al.] // Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing. - 2023. - Vol. 19, No. 6. - P. 1495-1505. DOI: 10.32604/fdm.2023.022335 Scholar
33.Effects of ultrasonic oscillations on permeability of rocks during the paraffin oil flow / E. Riabokon [et al.] // Géotechnique Letters. - 2023. - Vol. 13, No. 3. - P. 1-20. DOI: 10.1680/jgele.22.00137 Scholar
34.Permeability Evolution of Porous Sandstone in the Initial Period of Oil Production: Comparison of Well Test and Coreflooding Data / M.S. Turbakov [et al.] // Energies (Basel). - 2022. - Vol. 15, No. 17. - P. 6137. DOI: 10.3390/en15176137 Scholar
35.Riabokon, E.P. Methodology for forecasting the oil rate change while elastic wave propagation in the near-wellbore zone of clastic reservoirs / E.P. Riabokon // Neftyanoe khozyaystvo - Oil Industry. - 2020. - Vol. 6. - P. 76-79. DOI: 10.24887/0028-2448-2020-6-76-79 Scholar
36.Solutions for lined circular tunnels sequentially constructed in rheological rock subjected to non-hydrostatic initial stresses / H. Wang [et al.] // European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. - 2022. - Vol. 26, No. 5. - P. 1834-1866. DOI: 10.1080/19648189.2020.1737576 Scholar
37.Liu, HH. Two-Part Hooke Model (TPHM): Theory, Validation and Applications / HH. Liu // Fluid Flow in the Subsurface. Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media. - 2017. - Vol. 28. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43449-0 3 Scholar
38.An experimental study of the texture of deformation bands: effects on the porosity and permeability of sandstones / A.E. Lothe, R.H. Gabrielsen, N. Bjørnevoll Hagen, B.T. Larsen // Petroleum Geoscience. - 2002. - Vol. 8 (3). - P. 195-207. DOI: 10.1144/pege.8.3.195 Scholar
39.Fault sealing during deformation-band growth in porous sandstone / I.G. Main [et al.] // Geology. - 2000. - Vol. 28, No. 12. - P. 1131-1134. DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1131:FSDDGI>2.0.CO;2 Scholar
40.Permeability evolution during progressive development of deformation bands in porous sandstones / B.T. Ngwenya [et al.] // J Geophys Res Solid Earth. American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2003. - Vol. 108, No. B7. DOI: 10.1029/2002JB001854 Scholar
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Article information

Published: 28 June 2024
Issue date: 28 June 2024
Issue: Vol. 24, No. 2 (2024)