A Method for Scaling Spatial Anisotropy of Permeability from the Core Level to the Reservoir Level
Author details
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Abstract
During their formation, carbonate reef massifs undergo numerous secondary transformations, which significantly influence the heterogeneity of reservoir property distribution, both laterally and vertically. The type and degree of secondary transformations determine the predominant direction of fluid flow in the reservoir, which directly impacts the performance of the production wells. High levels of leaching or fracturing alter the flow direction, which subsequently leads to premature well flooding, both during water coning and to “dagger” breakthroughs from the injection wells. In such geological settings, a clear understanding of the distribution patterns of permeability anisotropy, from thin sections and core samples to the entire reservoir, is an important indicator of successful development. Using a field with a complex carbonate reservoir as an example, this paper presents a method for scaling permeability anisotropy from the core to the reservoir level. The initial data for the study consisted of thin sections and full-size core samples, divided into three petrotypes based on the predominant type of secondary alteration: porous, fractured, and cavernous. For each petrotype, the relationships between permeability anisotropy and porosity values were determined using core data. The distribution of the identified petrotypes within the reservoir was determined based on the classification of thin sections and core samples, taking into account the acoustic impedance cube as a trend. Next, using the porosity cube and petrotype distribution cube, and taking into account the established relationships between permeability anisotropy and porosity, a cube of anisotropic properties was calculated. This allowed us to estimate the ratio of the lateral and vertical components of permeability across the entire reservoir. The resulting permeability distributions were scaled to the hydrodynamic model grid, after which an analysis was conducted on the convergence of the calculated and historical development indicators when reconstructing the reservoir’s operational history. Based on the results of one iteration of calculations, a decrease in the deviation in the accumulated indicators of liquid and oil was established from 39% to 3% and from 37% to 1%, respectively, compared to the calculation using the standard version of permeability distribution.
Keywords
Методика масштабирования пространственной анизотропии проницаемости с уровня керна до уровня природного резервуара
В процессе формирования карбонатные рифовые массивы претерпевают большое количество вторичных преобразований, которые оказывают высокое влияние на неоднородность распределения свойств коллектора как в латеральном, так и в вертикальном направлениях. От вида и степени вторичных изменений зависит преобладающее направление течение флюида в пласте, что напрямую отражается в работе эксплуатационного фонда. Высокая степень выщелачивания или трещинообразования изменяет направление фильтрации, что впоследствии приводит к преждевременным обводнениям скважин как в процессе подтягивания конуса воды, так и к «кинжальным» прорывам со стороны нагнетательного фонда. В таких геологических условиях важным показателем успешности разработки объекта является четкое понимание закономерностей распределения анизотропии проницаемости в масштабе от шлифов и керновых образцов до масштаба целого резервуара. В работе на примере месторождения со сложнопостроенным карбонатным коллектором приведена методика масштабирования анизотропии проницаемости с уровня керна на уровень природного резервуара. Исходными данными для исследования послужили шлифы и полноразмерные образцы керна, разделенные по преобладающему виду вторичных изменений на три петротипа: поровый, трещиноватый и кавернозный. Для каждого петротипа на основе данных керна определены зависимости анизотропии проницаемости от значений пористости. Распределение выделенных петротипов в объеме резервуара выполнено на основании классификации шлифов и образцов керна с учетом куба акустического импеданса в качества тренда. Далее на основании куба пористости и куба распределения петротипов с учетом установленных зависимостей анизотропии проницаемости от пористости проведен расчет куба анизотропных свойств, что позволило оценить соотношение латеральной и вертикальной составляющей проницаемости по объему всего резервуара. Полученные распределения проницаемости масштабированы на сетку гидродинамической модели, после этого проведен анализ сходимости расчетных и исторических показателей разработки при воспроизведении истории эксплуатации объекта. По итогам одной итерации расчетов установлено снижение отклонения в накопленных показателях жидкости и нефти с 39 до 3 % и с 37 до 1 % соответственно по сравнению с расчетом по стандартному варианту распределения проницаемости.
Ключевые слова
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Article information
- Published
- 14 May 2026
- Issue date
- 14 May 2026
- Issue
- Vol. 26, No. 2 (2026)