АНАЛИЗ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ДВУХФАЗНЫХ СПЛАВОВ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МНОГОУРОВНЕВЫХ ФИЗИЧЕСКИ-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ (ОБЗОР)

Трусов, П.В.; Макаревич, Е.С.; Няшина, Н.Д.; Котельникова, Н.В.

doi:10.15593/perm.mech/2025.5.09

АНАЛИЗ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ДВУХФАЗНЫХ СПЛАВОВ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МНОГОУРОВНЕВЫХ ФИЗИЧЕСКИ-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ (ОБЗОР)

П.В. Трусов, Е.С. Макаревич, Н.Д. Няшина, Н.В. Котельникова

Сведения об авторах

П.В. Трусов
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Российская Федерация
Е.С. Макаревич
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Российская Федерация
Н.Д. Няшина
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Российская Федерация
Н.В. Котельникова
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Российская Федерация

https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2025.5.09

Нержавеющие дуплексные стали приобретают все более широкое применение в различных отраслях промышленности в силу их высоких эксплуатационных характеристик. Значительная часть изделий из этих материалов изготавливается методами термомеханической обработки, технологические режимы которых в настоящее время определяются с обязательным использованием математических моделей. Важнейшим элементом математических моделей (ММ) являются конститутивные модели (или определяющие соотношения), корректность формулировок которых в основном определяет адекватность разрабатываемых ММ. Общепризнанным в настоящее время является утверждение о зависимости физико-механических свойств металлов и сплавов главным образом от их структуры на мезо- и микроуровнях. Последнее накладывает на выбор или разработку конститутивных моделей (КМ) дополнительные требования: они должны позволять описывать эволюцию в процессах термомеханической обработки структуры материалов. Широко применяемые в технологических расчетах макрофеноменологические теории пластичности (вязкопластичности, ползучести и т.п.) дают возможности определения характеристик напряженно-деформированного состояния, требуемой мощности обрабатывающего оборудования и других интегральных параметров, однако в них не заложены возможности анализа изменяющейся структуры. В связи с этим в последние десятилетия все более широкое распространения приобретают многоуровневые модели, основанные на введении внутренних переменных, многоуровневом подходе и физических теориях пластичности (упругопластичности, упруговязкопластичности). КМ данного класса оперируют связями и переменными, явным образом описывающими физические механизмы, обеспечивающие и сопровождающие процессы термомеханической обработки, и их носители. Вследствие аналогичности многих физических механизмов, отвечающих за процессы неупругого формоизменения, для широких классов металлов и сплавов многоуровневые КМ обладают значительной универсальностью. Учитывая весьма сложные физические процессы, наблюдаемые при термомеханической обработке дуплекс-сталей, для их описания указанный класс КМ представляется наиболее перспективным, чем и обусловлен выбор темы предлагаемого обзора.

Ключевые слова

дуплексные сталимногоуровневые статистическиепрямые и самосогласованные конститутивные моделиописание структурымеханизмов деформированияфазовых превращений.

Analysis of the behavior of two-phase alloys: prospects for the application of multi-scale physically-based models (review)

Duplex stainless steels are increasingly used in various industries due to their high performance characteristics. A significant portion of products made from these materials are manufactured using thermomechanical processing methods, the process modes of which are currently determined with the mandatory use of mathematical models. The most important element of mathematical models (MM) are constitutive models (or constitutive relations), the correctness of the formulations of which mainly determines the adequacy of the developed MM. At present, it is generally accepted that the physical and mechanical properties of metals and alloys depend mainly on their structure at the meso- and microlevels. The latter imposes additional requirements on the selection or formulation of constitutive models (CM): they must allow one to describe the evolution of the structure of materials in the processes of thermomechanical processing. Macrophenomenological theories of plasticity (viscoplasticity, creep, etc.), widely used in technological calculations, provide the ability to determine the characteristics of the stress-strain state, the required power of processing equipment and other integral parameters, but they do not include the ability to analyze a changing structure. In this regard, in recent decades, multilevel models based on the introduction of internal variables, a multilevel approach and physical theories of plasticity (elastoplasticity, elastoviscoplasticity) have become increasingly widespread. CMs of this class operate with relationships and variables that explicitly describe the physical mechanisms that ensure and accompany the processes of thermomechanical processing, and their carriers. Due to the similarity of many physical mechanisms responsible for inelastic deformation processes for wide classes of metals and alloys, multilevel CMs have significant versatility. Taking into account the very complex physical processes observed during thermomechanical processing of duplex steels, the specified class of CMs seems to be the most promising for their description, which is the reason for choosing the topic of the proposed review.

Keywords

duplex steelsmultilevel statisticaldirect and self-consistent constitutive modelsdescription of the structuredeformation mechanismsphase transformations.

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Опубликована: 17.12.2025
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АНАЛИЗ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ДВУХФАЗНЫХ СПЛАВОВ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МНОГОУРОВНЕВЫХ ФИЗИЧЕСКИ-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ (ОБЗОР)

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Analysis of the behavior of two-phase alloys: prospects for the application of multi-scale physically-based models (review)

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