ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРОЧНОСТИ И ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ РЯДА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СПЛАВОВ И НЕРЖАВЕЮЩИХ СТАЛЕЙ, СОЗДАННЫХ ПРОВОЛОЧНО-ДУГОВОЙ НАПЛАВКОЙ, В ШИРОКОМ ДИАПАЗОНЕ СКОРОСТЕЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ

Баяндин, Ю.В.; Дудин, Д.С.; Ильиных, А.В.; Пермяков, Г.Л.; Чудинов, В.В.; Келлер, И.Э.; Трушников, Д.Н.

doi:10.15593/perm.mech/2023.1.04

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРОЧНОСТИ И ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ РЯДА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СПЛАВОВ И НЕРЖАВЕЮЩИХ СТАЛЕЙ, СОЗДАННЫХ ПРОВОЛОЧНО-ДУГОВОЙ НАПЛАВКОЙ, В ШИРОКОМ ДИАПАЗОНЕ СКОРОСТЕЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ

Ю.В. Баяндин, Д.С. Дудин, А.В. Ильиных, Г.Л. Пермяков, В.В. Чудинов, И.Э. Келлер, Д.Н. Трушников

Сведения об авторах

Ю.В. Баяндин
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия; Институт механики сплошных сред УрО РАН, Пермь, Россия
Д.С. Дудин
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия; Институт механики сплошных сред УрО РАН, Пермь, Россия
А.В. Ильиных
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия
Г.Л. Пермяков
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия
В.В. Чудинов
Институт механики сплошных сред УрО РАН, Пермь, Россия
И.Э. Келлер
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия; Институт механики сплошных сред УрО РАН, Пермь, Россия
Д.Н. Трушников
Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Пермь, Россия

https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2023.1.04

Для выбора рациональных параметров процесса гибридного аддитивного производства конструкций из конструкционных металлических сплавов и нержавеющих сталей определялись механические характеристики, способные служить показателями качества материала. Использованы самые прогрессивные технологии аддитивного производства проволочно-дуговой наплавкой (плазменной, плазменно-дуговой с плавящимся электродом, в том числе с холодным переносом металла) с послойной проковкой пневматическим ударным инструментом и последующей термообработкой. Исследованы алюминиево-магниевый сплав АМг5, титановый сплав ВТ6, аустенитные нержавеющие стали 12Х18Н10Т и AISI 308LSi. Из созданных аддитивным производством заготовок вырезаны образцы – лопатки для стандартных испытаний на статическое одноосное растяжение и цилиндры для высокоскоростных испытаний на сжатие методом Кольского на разрезном стержне Гопкинсона. По зарегистрированным и обработанным кривым «напряжение – деформация» для всех материалов определялись стандартные характеристики прочности и пластичности и закон деформационного и скоростного упрочнения Джонсона – Кука. Для корректной оценки механических свойств аддитивно произведенных материалов указанные испытания также проводились для каждого из них в виде отожженного проката. Установлено, что для сравнения эффективности различных технологических параметров аддитивного производства целесообразно использовать статический предел прочности и равномерное удлинение до разрыва, имеющие наименьший статистический разброс. Также была найдена приемлемой аппроксимация законом Джонсона – Кука деформационных кривых каждого из исследуемых материалов по осредненным данным, включающим различные технологические режимы. Определенные механические характеристики представляются необходимыми для поиска эффективных режимов гибридного аддитивного производства и численного расчета различных упругопластических задач в динамической постановке для исследованных материалов для конструкторских и технологических нужд.

Ключевые слова

аддитивное производствопроволочно-дуговая наплавкапослойная проковкаалюминиевые сплавытитановые сплавыаустенитные нержавеющие сталистатические испытаниядинамические испытания

Strength and ductility characteristics of metal alloys and stainless steels created by wire-arc surfacing in a wide range of strain rates

To select rational parameters of the process of hybrid additive manufacturing of structures made of structural metal alloys and stainless steels, mechanical characteristics capable of serving as indicators of material quality were determined. The most advanced technologies of additive manufacturing by wire-arc surfacing (plasma, plasma arc with a melting electrode, including cold metal transfer) with layer-by-layer forging with a pneumatic impact tool and subsequent heat treatment were used. Aluminum-magnesium alloy AlMg5, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, austenitic stainless steels 12Cr18Ni10Ti (AISI 321) and AISI 308LSi have been studied. Samples were cut from the blanks created by additive manufacturing – blades for standard tests for static uniaxial tension and cylinders for high-speed compression tests by the Kolsky method on a Hopkinson split bar. According to the registered and processed stress–strain curves for all materials, standard strength and ductility characteristics and the Johnson – Cook law of deformation and speed hardening were determined. For a correct assessment of the mechanical properties of additively produced materials, these tests were also carried out for each of them in the form of annealed rolled products. It is established that to compare the efficiency of various technological parameters of additive manufacturing, it is advisable to use static tensile strength and uniform elongation to rupture, having the smallest statistical variation. It was also found acceptable to approximate the Johnson – Cook law of the deformation curves of each of the studied materials according to averaged data, including various technological modes. Certain mechanical characteristics seem to be necessary for the search for effective modes of hybrid additive manufacturing and numerical calculation of various elastic-plastic problems in a dynamic formulation for the studied materials for design and technological needs.

Keywords

additive manufacturingwire-arc depositionlayer-by-layer forgingaluminum alloytitanium alloyaustenitic stainless steelstatic tension testdynamic compression test

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