Features of deformation of a bimetallic plate

Author details

S.A. Barannikova
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Y.V. Li
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation

https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2024.3.04

The features of macroscopic localization of plastic flow during uniaxial tension of a flat bime- tallic plate are discussed. The extension axis of the sample was oriented normally to the direction of rolling. The studied bimetal "low-carbon steel – stainless steel" is used in chemical engineering for the manufacture of reaction columns, autoclaves, reactors, and heat exchangers. The plastic flow curve of the bimetal after the yield point in the area of large plastic deformations is located between the curves for its components – austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and low-carbon steel (ASTM A414 grade A). The visualization of localized plastic deformation bands and regis- tration of the kinetics of their movement were carried out on the working part of the sample by the method of digital speckle photography. It has been established that at the yield plateau, plastic deformation in the form of Lüders fronts originates at the interface between the cladding layer and the base bimetal layer and propagates in the base layer of low-carbon steel, while the less plastic cladding layer of stainless steel deforms elastically. Then, together with the base one, the cladding layers also begin to plastically deform in the form of the propagation of Portevin – Le Chatelier fronts. The process of failure of a bimetal also begins with the localization of plastic deformation near structural inhomogeneities and stress concentrators in the area of con- tact between layers of two dissimilar metals. The stress concentrators formed at the early stages of plastic flow in this region initiate the formation of a high-amplitude peak of strain localization, which is a precursor to the formation of a neck in the sample and further ductile failure of the bimetal.

Keywords

strengthplastic deformationfailurelocalizationbimetal

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ БИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛАСТИНЫ

Рассматриваются особенности макроскопической локализации пластического течения при одноосном растяжении плоской биметаллической пластины. Ось растяжения образца была ориентирована нормально к направлению прокатки. Исследуемый биметалл «низко- углеродистая сталь – нержавеющая сталь» применяется в химическом машиностроении для изготовления реакционных колонн, автоклавов, реакторов, теплообменников. Кривая пластического течения биметалла после площадки текучести в области больших пласти- ческих деформаций расположена между кривыми для его составляющих – нержавеющей аустенитной стали (AISI 304) и низкоуглеродистой стали (ASTM A414 grade A). Визуализа- ция полос локализованной пластической деформации и регистрация кинетики их движения осуществлялись на рабочей части образца методом спекл-фотографии. Установлено, что на площадке текучести пластическая деформация в виде фронтов Людерса зарождается на границе раздела «плакирующий слой – основной слой биметалла» и распространяется в основном слое низкоуглеродистой стали, в то время как менее пластичный плакирующий слой нержавеющей стали деформируется упруго. Затем совместно с основным начинают пластически деформироваться также и плакирующие слои в виде распространения фрон- тов Портевена – Ле Шателье. Процесс разрушения биметалла также начинается с локали- зации пластической деформации вблизи структурных неоднородностей и концентраторов напряжения в области контакта слоев двух разнородных металлов. Сформированные на ранних стадиях пластического течения в этой области концентраторы напряжений иниции- руют образование высокоамплитудной области локализации деформации, которая явля- ется предвестником формирования шейки в образце и дальнейшего вязкого разрушения биметалла.

Ключевые слова

прочностьпластическая деформацияразрушениелокализациябиметалл

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Article information

Published: 5 September 2024
Issue date: 5 September 2024
Issue: No. 3 (2024)