Simulation of deformation behavior of niobium and its nanofilms: structural changes and residual stresses

Author details
  • Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
  • Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russian Federation

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of mechanical properties of niobium nanomaterials. The studies were carried out using atomistic mathematical modeling using the molecular dynamics method. A modified embedded atom method was used as a force potential. The study carried out a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties of crystalline niobium and its nanofilms using mathematical modeling, and also studied the residual stresses during the deposition of a cobalt nanofilm. For crystalline niobium, it was found that the strain rate significantly affects the inelastic behavior of the material, while the elastic response (Young's modulus ≈ 120 GPa) demonstrates high consistency with literature data (error 3.2%), confirming the adequacy of the model. The destruction of the sample occurs closer to the center, accompanied by the formation of rupture zones at critical deformation, which indicates a layer-by-layer rearrangement of the structure. The study of niobium nanofilms revealed a decrease in Young's modulus to 30 GPa at a thickness of 3.3 nm, which is explained by microsize effects, defects and grain boundaries. The alternation of ordered and disordered atomic zones observed before failure emphasizes the role of structural inhomogeneity. When depositing a 1.5 nm cobalt film on a niobium substrate, oscillatory changes in the stress tensor components associated with thermal fluctuations and local interactions were revealed. Hydrostatic stress is close to zero, indicating the absence of volumetric deformations. The key conclusion is the dominance of elastic deformations in the substrate, despite the effect of deposited atoms. The work demonstrates a high sensitivity of the mechanical properties of niobium to structural features and external conditions. The results are important for the design of nanodevices and coatings, where control of residual stresses and consideration of size effects are critical.

Keywords

niobiummolecular dynamicsmathematical modelingMEAMLAMMPSmechanical propertiesYoung's modulusstress tensornanofilmsnanocompositedeposition.

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Article information

Published
17 December 2025
Issue date
17 December 2025
Issue
No. 5 (2025)
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