SCALE EFFECTS IN BASALT YARNS

Author details
  • Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
  • Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation of scale effects in basalt fiber tows, focusing on the influence of two key geometric parameters on tensile strength: gauge length and cross-sectional area. For basalt tows used in aerospace, defense, and construction industries, it is proposed that both parameters must be considered for the accurate prediction of strength properties. The experimental segment of the study involved tensile testing of 27 basalt tow specimens with declared linear densities of 200, 1200, and 2400 tex at three different gauge lengths (100, 600, and 1100 mm). The cross-sectional area was determined using an optimal fiber packing algorithm, which enabled the conversion from linear density to stress. It was established that for fine tows (200 tex), an increase in gauge length from 100 mm to 1100 mm leads to a reduction in strength by a factor of more than 2.8, while for coarse tows (2400 tex), this reduction was only about 5%. Based on the obtained data, a new parametric exponential formula is proposed, describing the ultimate tensile strength as a function of gauge length and cross-sectional area. The proposed equation shows a mean error of 2.5% when describing the experimental data. The physical interpretation associates the observed effects with the finite length of individual fibers and their statistical distribution within the filament. The research findings have practical significance for optimal selection of basalt filaments in various applications and for improving production technologies, particularly for long-span structures where scale effects must be considered.

Keywords

basalt fibertensile strengthscale effecttensionlinear densitybasalt yarncharacteristic lengthscale factoreffective cross-sectional area of the yarn

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Article information

Published
29 December 2025
Issue date
29 December 2025
Issue
No. 6 (2025)
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