The Ritz Method with Discrete Approximation of Displacements for Analyzing Plates of Bridge Structures Supported by Stiffeners of Various Configurations
Author details
- Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Abstract
The article considers plates with stiffeners, the two opposite ends of which are fixed rigidly, and the other two are free. The stiffeners are located in the same direction, parallel to the free edges of the plate. The paper proposes a method for analyzing such structures by combining the reduction of the dimensionality of the problem using the L. V. Kantorovich method and the Ritz method with discrete approximation of displacements. The methods of defining stiffeners using unit column functions are considered. It is revealed that unit column functions are a convenient way to model stiffeners, even when it is necessary to consider stiffeners in boundary conditions. The stiffeners in the shapes of a box, a T-beam, an I-beam and a solid rectangular section are considered. Their geometric characteristics are given, which are used when constructing the functional of the total potential energy taking into account their discrete location. The calculation results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the solution obtained using the structural anisotropy method for the solution of the boundary value problem for ordinary differential equations. In a numerical experiment, the number of finite elements along the stiffener’s width is established, which is necessary and sufficient to solve the problem. Graphs of displacements of plate middle zones are printed, on the basis of which it is concluded that the proposed method has a fairly good convergence with the method of structural anisotropy. However, the plates calculated by these two methods deform differently and the Ritz method with discrete approximation gives a more accurate form of deformation: the plate deforms less in the area of the stiffeners and more between them. From the calculation results, it can be concluded that the presented method is the most optimal in terms of labor complexity and accuracy. However, if the ratio of the total width of the stiffeners to the width of the plate is 1:3 or more, the structural anisotropy method can be used as a simpler one.
Keywords
МЕТОД РИТЦА ПРИ ДИСКРЕТНОЙ АППРОКСИМАЦИИ ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАСЧЕТА ПЛИТ МОСТОВЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ, ПОДКРЕПЛЕННЫХ РЕБРАМИ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ
Рассматриваются плиты, подкрепленные ребрами жесткости, два противоположных конца которых закреплены жестко, а два другие свободны. Ребра расположены в одном направлении, параллельно свободным граням плиты. Предложена методика расчета таких конструкций, объединяющая понижение мерности задачи при помощи метода Л. В. Канторовича и метода Ритца при дискретной аппроксимации перемещений. Рассмотрены способы задания ребер жесткости при помощи единичных столбчатых функций. Выявлено, что единичные столбчатые функции являются удобным способом моделирования ребер, в том числе при необходимости учета ребер в краевых условиях. Рассмотрены ребра жесткости в виде короба, тавра, двутавра и сплошного прямоугольного сечения. Приведены их геометрические характеристики, используемые при построении функционала полной потенциальной энергии с учетом их дискретного расположения. Выполнено сравнение результатов расчетов, полученных предложенным методом с решением с помощью метода конструктивной анизотропии при решении краевой задачи для обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений. В численном эксперименте установлено число конечных элементов по ширине ребра, необходимое и достаточное для решения задачи. Построены графики перемещений центральной части плит, на основе которых сделан вывод, что предложенный метод имеет достаточно хорошую сходимость с методом конструктивной анизотропии. Однако плиты, посчитанные двумя этими способами, деформируются различно, и метод Ритца при дискретной аппроксимации дает более точную картину деформирования: плита меньше деформируется в зоне ребер и больше между ними. Из результатов расчетов можно сделать вывод, что представленный метод является наиболее оптимальным с точки зрения трудоемкости и точности. Однако при отношении суммарной ширины ребер к ширине плиты, равном 1:3 и более, можно использовать метод конструктивной анизотропии, как более простой.
Ключевые слова
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