Geomechanics of highly compressed rocks and massifs: origins, methods, main results

Vladimir V. Makarov, Michael A. Guzev, Vladimir N. Odintsev

Author details

Vladimir V. Makarov
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Michael A. Guzev
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Vladimir N. Odintsev
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution N.V. Melnikov Institute for Integrated Development of Subsoil Resources of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://doi.org/10.15593/2712-8008/2026.1.1

This article examines the main stages in the development of geomechanics, which has deep historical roots, leading back to the seminal works of Charles Augustin de Coulomb in 1773. Two and a half centuries later, this work gave rise to the scientific field of geomechanics of highly compressed rocks and massifs as a theory of critical states of the geoenvironment. Based on an analysis of historical documents and publications, the main stages in the development of geomechanics are identified. The results of the most recent period of development of geomechanics of high compression, following the introduction of the mesoscale of failure and structural levels of the geoenvironment, are briefly discussed. The results of experimental and analytical studies investigating the patterns of deformation and failure of the geoenvironment at the first (rock samples) and second (rock mass at the scale of mine workings) structural levels are considered. The reversible nature of linear deformations in the near-focal zone of macrofracture preparation of rock specimens during the pre-fracture stage of loading and the patterns of formation and development of contrasting mesofracture structures under these conditions are established. Zonal deformation of the rock mass around deep mine workings and the patterns of formation and development of the mesofracture zonal structure of failure for different rock mass types are also established. The experimental studies are accompanied by a description of the posed and solved problems of continuum mechanics with defects, leading to a non-Euclidean description of geoenvironment models. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are compared, demonstrating their complete qualitative and good quantitative agreement. In conclusion, the object, subject, principles, and methods of geomechanics of highly compressed rocks and massifs are considered, distinguishing this area of geomechanics as an independent scientific field as a unification of traditional geomechanics and physical mesomechanics.

Keywords

geomechanicsgeoenvironmenthighly compressed rocksscale and structural levelsmesomechanicsnon-Euclidean modelmodel parametersrock samplerock massif.

Геомеханика сильно сжатых горных пород и массивов: истоки, методы, основные результаты

В статье рассмотрены основные этапы развития геомеханики, имеющей глубокие исторические корни, которые ведут к основополагающим трудам Шарля Огюстена де Кулона 1773 г., через два с половиной столетия давшей научное направление геомеханики сильно сжатых горных пород и массивов как теории критических состояний геосреды. На основе анализа исторических документов и публикаций выявлены основные этапы развития геомеханики. Кратко освещены результаты последнего периода развития геомеханики сильного сжатия после введения в анализ мезомасштаба разрушения и структурных уровней геосреды. Рассмотрены результаты экспериментальных и аналитических работ по исследованию закономерностей деформирования и разрушения геосреды на первом (образцы горных пород) и втором (породный массив на масштабе горных выработок) структурных уровнях. Установлены реверсивный характер линейных деформаций в околоочаговой области подготовки макроразрушения образцов горных пород в предразрушающей стадии нагружения и закономерности формирования и развития мезотрещинных структур контрастного типа в этих условиях. Установлены также зональный характер деформирования массива вокруг глубоких горных выработок и закономерности формирования и развития мезотрещинной зональной структуры разрушения для разных типов массива. Экспериментальные исследования сопровождаются описанием поставленных и решенных задач механики сплошных сред с дефектами, приводящих к неевклидовому описанию моделей геосреды. Проведено сравнение результатов теоретических и экспериментальных исследований и показано их полное качественное и хорошее количественное соответствие. В заключение рассмотрены объект, предмет, принципы и методы геомеханики сильно сжатых горных пород и массивов, выделяющие эту область геомеханики в самостоятельное научное направление как объединение традиционной геомеханики и физической мезомеханики.

Ключевые слова

геомеханикагеосредасильно сжатые породымасштабный и структурный уровнимезомеханиканеевклидова модельпараметры моделиобразец горной породымассив горных пород.

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Published: 12 January 2026
Issue date: 12 January 2026
Issue: Vol. 26, No. 1 (2026)