Changes in the morphology of microcracks under rock loading
Ekaterina E. Damaskinskaya, Vladimir L. Hilarov, Yuriy S. Krivonosov, Alexey V. Buzmakov, Victor E. Asadchikov
Author details
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract
This study directly observed and analyzed the morphology of microcracks forming in a rock specimen under uniaxial compressive loading. Berea sandstone and Westerly granite were chosen as the study materials. The specimens had a cylindrical shape (d = 10 mm, h = 20 mm). X-ray computed microtomography was used to detect defects in the volume. A unique feature of the experiments was that the tomographic imaging was performed while the specimen was under load. A special portable loading device was developed for this purpose. It provided the required load, was placed in the tomograph chamber, and did not interfere with the measurements. Tomographic measurements were performed on a MICROTOM cone-beam X-ray microtomograph, developed and manufactured at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute". Based on the analysis of tomographic images, the fractal dimension (using the box counting method) and the relative volume of microcracks at three loading stages were calculated. It was found that both parameters increase with increasing load. Three-dimensional models of the defect structure were constructed, which illustrate the change in the morphology of the main crack. It was established that at the final stage of failure, the morphology of cracks formed in Berea sandstone and Westerly granite is similar. Using the discrete element model, numerical experiments on the failure of heterogeneous material specimens were conducted. Changes in the correlation fractal dimension of defect clusters during their growth were studied. Computer experiments made it possible to identify details of the formation of fractal structures of main cracks. Good agreement between the results of the laboratory and computer experiments allows us to conclude that the proposed model is adequate and capable of describing the structure of a developing crack.
Keywords
Изменение морфологии микротрещин при нагружении горных пород
В работе выполнено прямое наблюдение и анализ морфологии микротрещин, образующихся в образце горной породы под действием одноосной сжимающей нагрузки. В качестве материала для исследований были выбраны песчаник Berea и гранит Westerly. Образцы имели цилиндрическую форму (d = 10 мм, h = 20 мм). Для детектирования дефектов в объеме использовалась рентгеновская компьютерная микротомография. Особенность проводимых экспериментов состоит в том, что выполнялась томографическая съемка образца, находящегося под действием нагрузки. Для этого было разработано специальное переносное нагрузочное устройство, которое обеспечивало необходимую нагрузку, помещалось в камеру томографа и не препятствовало измерению. Томографические измерения были выполнены на конусно-лучевом рентгеновском микротомографе «МИКРОТОМ», разработанном и созданном в НИЦ «Курчатовский институт». На основе анализа томографических изображений вычислены фрактальная размерность (с помощью метода box counting) и относительный объем микротрещин на трех этапах нагружения. Установлено, что оба параметра увеличиваются по мере возрастания нагрузки. Построены трехмерные модели дефектной структуры, которые иллюстрируют изменение морфологии магистральной трещины. Установлено, что на финальной стадии разрушения морфология трещин, образовавшихся в песчанике Berea и граните Westerly, одинакова. С помощью модели дискретных элементов проведены численные эксперименты по разрушению образцов гетерогенных материалов. Исследовано изменение корреляционной фрактальной размерности кластеров дефектов в процессе их роста. Компьютерные эксперименты позволили выявить детали образования фрактальных структур магистральных трещин. Хорошее согласие результатов лабораторного и компьютерного эксперимента позволяет говорить об адекватности предложенной модели и ее способности описывать структуру развивающейся трещины.
Ключевые слова
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Article information
- Published
- 12 January 2026
- Issue date
- 12 January 2026
- Issue
- Vol. 26, No. 1 (2026)