Modeling the influence of predominant fracturing on the deformation of strip and columnar pillars during the extraction of ore minerals

Author details
  • Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Perm, Russian Federation
  • Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Perm, Russian Federation

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical study of the influence of fracturing anisotropy on the stress-strain state of banded and columnar pillars—key structural elements of underground ore deposit mining systems. The relevance of this study stems from the transition to developing deposits at great depths under conditions of high overburden pressure and the presence of tectonic faults, where traditional approaches treating the rock mass as an isotropic medium can yield incorrect predictions. A novel nonlinear model of fractured medium mechanics with a second-rank tensor damage parameter is used to mathematically describe the deformation behavior of fractured rocks. This model comprehensively accounts for the anisotropy of elastic properties induced by fracturing, their dependence on the type of stress state (different modulus), and the dilatancy effect. A comparative analysis of the deformation characteristics was performed for cases of isotropic and anisotropic fracturing at different levels of average damage (α = 0.15 and 0.3) and for two loading configurations corresponding to strip and columnar pillars (uniaxial and disproportionate biaxial compression). It was shown that the presence of a preferred fracture orientation significantly affects the deformation response. The most significant change in the minimum principal strain (up to 70% or more for damage α = 0.3) is observed for a fracturing orientation quasi-orthogonal to the direction of the minimum principal stress, in the angular range of 90° ± �, where � is the angle of internal friction of the rock. It was established that fracturing anisotropy leads to misalignment of the stress and strain tensors, while the maximum misalignment angle does not exceed 2°. The obtained results prove the necessity of taking into account the anisotropy of fracturing for the correct assessment of the bearing capacity of pillars and the design of stable development systems at great depths in tectonically disturbed massifs.

Keywords

fracturinganisotropy of elastic propertiesdependence of properties on the type of stress-strain statepillarmisalignmentnonlinear modelmathematical modelingdamage tensor.

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Article information

Published
12 January 2026
Issue date
12 January 2026
Issue
Vol. 26, No. 1 (2026)
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